Journal of Industrial Sociology

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Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: Comprehensive development projects are continuously being implemented in different regions. Although these projects often yield numerous positive and desirable outcomes, it is crucial to examine their potential negative social and economic implications. Therefore, this study aims to assess the influence of establishing the Tabiat Zendeh Laboratories (Cinere) factory on the local rural populations surrounding it, specifically in the Southern Sarrud District of Boyer-Ahmad County.
Method: This study was conducted employing a quantitative approach and a survey technique. The population consisted of rural residents surrounding the Tabiat Zendeh Laboratories (Cinere) factory in the Southern Sarrud District of Boyer-Ahmad County, totaling approximately 2,150 households. From this population, 115 households were selected through a simple random sampling method. In each selected household, the household head was interviewed. The tool used was a researcher-designed questionnaire, developed through a review of the relevant literature and field observations. After its development, the face validity was rigorously examined and revised by a panel of subject-matter experts. The data were then coded and analyzed using SPSS software. Methodologically, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, and inferential statistics, including exploratory factor analysis, were employed in the analysis.
Findings: Based on the results, the impacts of the factory's construction could be distinguished across three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the economic dimension, composed of 34 items across six factors including employment and income, allocation of development credits to the village, economic prosperity, living expenses, wages and benefits, and investment, explained 59.68% of the variance within this dimension. In the social impact dimension, four factors comprising 17 items including sense of place, security, migration, and social capital, accounted for a total of 22.67% of its variance. Additionally, environmental impacts, including five items related to pollution levels and resource quality, could be explained within this framework. The analyses demonstrated that the studied factory has been able to impact across the three dimensions of economic, social, and environmental impacts.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the factory exerted increasing impacts across all three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, with the most significant effect observed in improving the economic conditions. Undoubtedly, a dynamic economy plays a crucial role in the sustainability of livelihoods and social welfare, thereby laying the groundwork for sustainable community development. Therefore, attention to sustainable development across various dimensions is of paramount importance in development projects, including rural development initiatives and programs.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: In the modern world, with the growth and development of industrial activities, the volume of global trade has increased remarkably. Different countries are trying to secure their interests by exporting their industrial products to the world market. This has created many challenges for developing and less developed countries, which mainly rely on raw materials. For this reason, many studies are being conducted to identify the reasons for preferring foreign goods. The consumption of foreign industrial goods in Iran has also increased rapidly, and this continued dependence poses detrimental consequences for the country's economy. This study aims to examine the relationship between the economic status and the consumption of foreign industrial goods.
Method: This research is quantitative and was conducted using a survey technique. The population consisted of household heads in Kerman city, and 400 cases were selected through multi-stage random sampling method. The research tools used to measure the economic status and foreign industrial goods consumption are questionnaires developed by the researcher. In order to establish validity of the research tools, face and content validity were used. To determine reliability, considering the nature of the questions, which are qualitative in two categories, the test-retest method was used, which was 0.94 for the economic status and 0.89 for the foreign goods consumption.
Findings: Based on the results, the consumption of foreign industrial goods is higher among Kerman citizens compared to Iranian goods. Findings indicate that respondents show a strong tendency to consume foreign goods in the electrical products, household goods, as well as health and cosmetic products, while they prefer Iranian goods in stationery and clothing. In addition, the findings reveal that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic status and consumption of foreign industrial goods. Overall, economic status, gender, and education are able to explain 0.277 of the changes in foreign industrial goods consumption.
Conclusion: The consumption of foreign industrial goods in Iran is high, and this will lead to many problems in the future, considering the country's economic structure, which is heavily based on the export of raw materials, and the characteristics of the country's population, which has reached over 90 million. Given the widespread consequences of consuming foreign goods and the significant effect of economic status on the consumption and promotion of foreign industrial goods, it is essential for managers and officials of the country to focus on creating a culture to reduce the consumption of foreign consumer goods.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: Productivity is one of the main strategies for achieving economic growth in conditions of limited production resources, which not only affects the efficiency and effectiveness of production processes, but also directly influences the quality of life and social welfare. Increasing productivity can raise real income, enhance purchasing power of goods and services, improve housing and education conditions, increase leisure time, and promote social and environmental programs. The aim of this research is to measure productivity and identify factors affecting productivity changes in the petrochemical industry listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).
Method: This is quantitative research employing the Hicks-Moorsteen Index (HMI) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure productivity changes. Subsequently, regression analysis is used to identify factors affecting productivity variations. The population includes of firms operating in the petrochemical industry listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The sample of the study consisted of 14 petrochemical companies that have been operating since 2010, and were selected through purposive non-probability sampling method. Data were collected by referring to the Comprehensive Database OF All Listed Companies (CODAL) website and financial reports including balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and other information related to the variables under study, extracted for each company. To measure productivity, the Hicks-Moorsteen Index (HMI) was used. It uses a combination of inputs and outputs. In addition, to measure productivity changes, the data envelopment analysis method was applied to evaluate the relative efficiency of each company. Then their productivity changes are calculated using the Hicks-Moorsteen Index (HMI). However, Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression was used to analyze the effects of different variables on productivity changes.
Findings: The results indicated that the highest productivity growth was related to Farabi Petrochemical Company (FPC) in 2018, at a rate of 2.723. Moreover, the average productivity of companies during the ten-year period was 1.024, which is more than one and indicates an increase in the productivity of companies during this period. The results also demonstrated that human capital, financial capital, and trade openness have a significant effect on productivity changes.
Conclusion: Productivity in the petrochemical industry improves through investment in human and financial capital. In this regard, the government's short-term and long-term policies, programs and plans can play an effective role. In addition, the need to pay attention to human resource development, strengthening financial investments, and improving the level of international trade are crucial for improving the productivity in the petrochemical.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: The Iranian petrochemical industry was established in 1963 and has since expanded significantly. The formation of over 57 petrochemical complexes with a production capacity of 70 million tons annually has placed Iran among the main petrochemical hubs in the region. This industry in Iran is the second source of foreign exchange after oil and has a substantial impact on the country’s economic development. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the reasons for the expansion of this industry and its environmental consequences. This research aims to explain the reasons for the development of this industry in Iran over the past decades, and assess its environmental consequences on the Asaluyeh region and the Persian Gulf.
Method: This research consists of two separate parts. In the first part, which explains the development of the petrochemical industry, the documentary method and review of library resources were employed. In the second part, which analyzes the environmental consequences of petrochemical industries, it also employs available global data, systematic review of related articles, laboratory experiment results, and information provided by petrochemical companies were utilized.
Findings: The extensive development of the petrochemical industry in Iran can be understood within the context of the global division of labor and the referral of crisis-causing industries to the “periphery”. This means that the transfer of this industry from the “center” to the “quasi-periphery” has been due to the uneconomical nature and crisis-causing nature of this industry in environmental terms. The development of the petrochemical industry in the Asaluyeh region has had significant environmental consequences. High fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 on the one hand, and the production of hazardous pollutants such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds, and suspended particles, on the other hand, have severely affected the air quality and local community health.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that explaining Iran’s petrochemical industry development solely through “domestic advantage” theories is incomplete; it is highly dependent on the mechanisms of the global division of labor and the relocation of crisis-causing industries. Therefore, while the development of the petrochemical industry has positive aspects, it also includes negative aspects, especially in the field of the environment. Accordingly, to address the health and environmental issues of the Asaluyeh region, the following suggestions are presented: improving industrial infrastructure, enhancing monitoring and pollutants management, increasing public awareness and social responsibilities, creating green belts and buffer zones, and finally, developing forward-looking research.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: Coinciding with the Renaissance in Europe and the formation of the initial stages of industrial development, in Iran, the Safavid civilization rose to power after a long period of unrest in Iran. During this period, some industrial activities in Iran were operating at the same level as in Europe and in some cases even superior to it, and the basis for the development of industry in Iran were prepared. However, Iran was unable to experience industrial developments similar to those in Europe. This research aims to analyze the reasons behind this based on the theory of short-term society. According to this theory, the long-term accumulation of capital, property, and social institutions in Iran was hindered due to insecurity and political instability.
Method: This research was conducted using a historical method, considering the nature of the subject. Historical research, is based on documents and evidence. Accordingly, in this research, an attempt has been made to collect and analyze the data required to support the theory of short-term society by referring to original sources, especially the travelogues of European travelers.
Findings: According to the results, in the Safavid era, royal workshops played a significant role in the country's economic life. These workshops operated under the direct supervision of the court and included various industries, such as textiles, carpet weaving, weaponry, and pottery, which in some cases were even superior to European counterparts. The findings show that insecurity in government positions and the wealthy was the most important obstacle to the development of industry. In the Iranian monarchy, the Shah had divine and absolute power, and no one could limit him. This led to insecurity in ownership and wealth, because the Shah could confiscate the property and estates of individuals at will. This insecurity hindered capital accumulation. The Safavid kings prevented the circulation of capital by accumulating wealth in royal treasuries. This led to a shortage of financial capital and exacerbated the economic crisis. Foreign money changers and traders further deepened this crisis by taking capital out of the country.
Conclusion: Industrialization is the fundamental desire worldwide, but it requires historical context. Although, the great Safavid civilization rose to power in Iran at a critical point in history, which could have laid the foundations for the development of industry in Iran, this did not happen due to the characteristics of the short-term society. As a result, Iran was never able to expand industrial activities on par with European countries.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with significant impacts on various domains, including politics and civic participation. Through tools such as recommender systems, big data analytics, political chatbots, and AI-driven digital campaigns, this technology alters how citizens access political information, make decisions, and engage in political activities. Digital users, as one of the most digitally active social groups, interact extensively with these AI-driven tools, being directly and indirectly affected by their benefits and challenges. While extensive international research has been conducted on the role of AI in politics, it has been underresearched in Iran. This research aims to explore the influence of artificial intelligence in shaping the political awareness and participation of digital users.
Method: This study was conducted employing a qualitative meta-analytical approach. This method allows for the systematic analysis and interpretation of findings from previous research to identify patterns, trends, and gaps in the existing literature. The main objective is to examine the influence of artificial intelligence on the formation of political awareness and participation among digital users based on a synthesis of relevant international studies. This approach offers a deeper understanding of how intelligent technologies shape political behaviors and offers a more comprehensive insights into the democratic implications of the digital era.
Findings: The results of the research indicate that artificial intelligence, through user data analysis, behavioral pattern recognition, and personalized information delivery, contributes to the enhancement of users’ political awareness. AI-powered tools such as recommender systems and search engines have facilitated faster and more efficient access to political information and analysis. Moreovere, political chatbots and interactive applications have increased digital users engagement in democratic processes and encouraged more active political participation. However, several critical challenges have also been identified. These include information polarization, the creation of echo chambers, the spread of fake news, and targeted political advertising—all of which can undermine the quality of political participation and influence the formation of political attitudes. In some instances, artificial intelligence systems present users with content that only reinforces their existing beliefs, leading to reduced interaction among diverse political groups and intensified social polarization.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that if properly implemented and accompanied by sound policy frameworks, artificial intelligence can enhance political awareness and promote democratic participation. However, unregulated use of this technology may pose serious risks such as manipulation of public opinion and the spread of misinformation.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: Agriculture, as one of the most fundamental human activities, has always maintained a deep and inseparable connection with nature and the environment. This activity, which is essential for providing food and livelihoods for human societies, may inevitably have widespread impacts on natural resources such as water, soil, and biodiversity. Farmers, as main users of these resources, play a crucial role in either preserving or destroying the environment. How they treat nature is influenced by the teachings they have learned during their socialization process and through interaction with social and cultural structures of their living environment. This research aims to demonstrate how social and cultural contexts are effective in the formation of agricultural habits.
Method: This qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method. The participants included 33 farmers from the city of Azna who were selected through purposive sampling. Research data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and auditing technique was employed to validate data credibility.
Findings: Data analysis resulted in 10 main categories and one core category. The research findings indicate that the invisible hand mechanism of the market and land division between heirs as causal factors; and the unbalanced structure of the distribution system and the market for agricultural products as background factors have contributed to the marginalization of the farmers’ ecological habitus. Meanwhile, the prevailing spirit of commercialism in agriculture and the existence of property disputes among heirs and some farmers have led to a decrease in cooperation within the rural community in communal affairs, and sometimes the collapse of traditional networks of cooperation and assistance in the agricultural community, which in turn has further marginalized the ecological habitus of agriculture.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the invisible hand of the market and the division of land under the pretext of preserving the paternal heritage have gradually weakened traditional agricultural structures and have allowed the economic dimension to dominate other ecological, social and ethical aspects of agriculture. This study reveals that the above structural factors, interacting with the weakening social solidarity, have marginalized ecological habitus and pushed farmers towards environmentally destructive actions. Such actions have resulted in harmful environmental and social consequences such as loss of biodiversity, the expansion of monoculture, the spread of various diseases, threats to human health, and migration from the countryside. These findings highlight the urgent need to redesign support institutions and strengthen social capital in rural areas to promote sustainable agriculture.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: The obligation to industrial development within the framework of modernization theory in Iran has been accompanied by numerous challenges and has existed along a continuum, from obligation to development to development and conflict. On the other hand, the process of industrialization in Iran has varied across provinces based on local conditions and temporal-spatial coordinates. In Yazd, with its lifestyle, which is characterized by hard work and a production-oriented approach, this issue has led to flourishing of local industry. Government interventions during the post-revolutionary period have had unintended consequences, which have resulted in multiple narratives of industrial development with specific outcomes. The aim of this research is to investigate the nature of the development pattern in Yazd based on the traditional-interventionist contrast of industrial development in this region.
Method: The method used in this research is qualitative ethnographic approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, and the data analysis method was content analysis. The sample studied in this study consisted of 12 experts and Yazd specialists, selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the research was established in terms of validity, transferability, and confirmability.
Findings: The research findings indicate an unbalanced pattern of industrial development in Yazd, which has created a specific lived experience and can be categorized into three patterns. The first pattern is “an industrial development pattern compatible with Yazd’s lifestyle”, which has features such as “Karizi” civilization, the “Hanasabi” industry, the confectionery industry, textiles, poetry weaving, weaving wealth, “cashmere”, and compatible industries on a workshop scale. The second pattern is “a borrowing industrial development pattern with rentier interventions” in steel, tile, mine, and capital- and water-intensive industries, associated with conflicting backgrounds such as excessive immigration, uncontrolled expansion of profitable polluting industries, and the growth of consumer culture. The third pattern, “the model of commitment to sustainable industrial development”, aligns with Yazd’s global registration. This model, which reflects a rethinking of industrial development and territorial planning, is expected to prevent the negative consequences of borrowed development and to offer a clear perspective for industrial progress. These three axes have been built around the fundamental concept of “pendulum industrial development”.
Conclusion: The nature of industrial development in Yazd, rooted in Iran’s industrial development model but with some specific features, has been able to create a unique development experience. However, the development perspective in Yazd in the form of “pendulum industrial development” suggests conflicts, fluctuating between the existence of water-intensive industries, tourism and transformation industries.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes, as a chronic disease, is rapidly increasing in contemporary industrial societies. Some features of the modern industrial society, such as urbanization and inactivity, have directly contributed to the exacerbation of this disease. It is estimated that the number of people with diabetes will reach 1.3 billion in 2050 all over the world. This disease is also spreading rapidly in Iran and has become more widespread in modern Iranian society where urbanization and inactivity are swiftly on the rise. The extensive prevalence of diabetes in Iran on the one hand and the destructive consequences of this disease on the other hand have caused increased attention to it. The aim of this research is to study the lived experience of diabetic patients.
Method: This study was conducted within a framework of qualitative approach using Schutz phenomenological method. Accordingly, in-depth and sequential interviews were used as a tool to obtain descriptions of lived experiences. In total, 21 diabetic individuals living in Jahrom city were interviwed using purposive sampling method which lasted over eight months. The collected data were analyzed by means of Schutz method and were classified into first-order constructs, second-order constructs, and sorting.
Findings: Based on the results of the study, in health-oriented life, the findings included the main theme or categorization including self-care, sleep, weight control, physical health, sexual health, and mental health and 21 second-order constructs. In lifestyle, the findings included four main themes or categorizations including physical education, nutritional patterns, religious life, leisure life, and 17 second-order constructs. Finally, in psychological well-being, the findings included four main themes or categorizations including adaptive life, joyful life, attitude, hopeful life, and 17 second-order constructs. And finally, in the livelihood life, the findings included four main themes or categorizations including economic well-being, economic fluctuations, financial support, economic resilience, and nine second-order constructs.
Conclusion: According to the research findings, self-care, physical health, mental health, and sexual health play significant roles in the experience of a health-oriented life of diabetic patients. Leisure life, religious life, nutritional patterns, and physical education are important in the lifestyle of diabetic patients. Economic well-being, family well-being, consumerism, and material progress have an effect on the livelihood of diabetic patients. Finally, adaptive life, joyful life, attitude, and optimistic life are effective in the psychological well-being of diabetic patients in controlling the disease. This research clearly concludes that there are close connections between the industrial world and diabeties.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: While property crimes have always existed, they have become more severe and complex in today's industrial society due to various factors. Modern technologies have not only diminished property crimes but have also played a role in their escalation. In Iran, crimes against property have also rapidly expanded following the country's industrial development and modernization, and have taken more severe form, especially in deprived areas. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between poverty and interregional inequality with crimes property in eleven cities of Khorramabad, Borujerd, Dorud, Kuhdasht, Aleshtar, Nurabad, Aligudarz, Azna, Poldokhtar, Rumeshkan, and Chegeni in Lorestan province.
Method: This quantitative study was conducted through secondary analysis based on the official data from Police and the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) covering 1997-2021. The dependent variable of the study is property crimes including fraud, breach of trust, theft, and issuing a blank check, which are measured by annual incidence rates. Moreover, 30 indicators in five economic, social, cultural, infrastructure, and health dimensions were applied to assess deprivation and poverty.
Findings: The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between social deprivation and property crimes. In addition, absolute and relative poverty are key factors in the increase in crimes. The findings reveal that the cities of Rumeshkan and Chegeni, with severe deprivation, have the highest rates of simple thefts such as cattle theft, while Khorramabad and Dorud, with relative inequality, experienced more complex crimes such as issuing blank check. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in crimes such as theft of houses and private places and theft of cars and motorcycles between deprivation groups, but no significant relationship was observed for fraud, cattle theft, and theft of government places. This suggests the influence of local or opportunity-based factors such as access to property or technology on these crimes. Finally, spatial analysis using GIS showed that crimes are more concentrated in central areas including Khorramabad and Dorud, while deprivation is more severe in western areas including Rumeshkan and Chegeni.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, reduged social controls and psychological stress resulting from perceived inequality contribute to an increase in property crimes. Allocating resources to deprived areas, strengthening infrastructure, creating job opportunities and education in high-inequality areas, and monitoring crime opportunities can reduce crimes. However, focusing on the county level, ignoring intra-neighborhood differences, and lack of qualitative data to analyze cultural factors were limitations of this research that need to be addressed in future studies.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: In industrial society, the work process was transferred to factories in order to improve productivity. Employees, interacting with each other and with technology, began to work. However, work-related accidents soon became one of the major concerns in factories. Work-related accidents cause death or injury to millions of workers all over the world annually and destroy 4% of Gross National Production (GDP). Work-related accidents pose a serious social problem due to physical and mental harm to workers, reduction in productivity, and negative impact on the stability and well-being of society. In Iran, work-related accidents are increasing rapidly, but they have not been given much attention especially from a sociological point of view. The aim of the present study is to examine work-related accidents in Iran in terms of macro socioeconomic indicators.
Method: This study employs a quantitative longitudinal approach, utilizing time-series methodology to examine the relationship between variables from 1997 to 2022. The number of recorded accidents was used as the measure of work-related accidents. In addition, female labor force participation, urban population, literacy rate, inflation, labor force participation, and GDP per capita were used to measure the socio-economic indicators. The required data were collected from the Social Security Organization (SSO), the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI), the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare (MCLSW), the Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran (CBI), and the World Bank (WB). To investigate both short-term and long-term relationships, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was implemented utilizing Microfit software version 5.
Findings: According to the results of the research, in the long-term period, there is a negative and significant relationship between urban population (T-Ratio = - 4.85, Prob.= .005) and inflation rate (T-Ratio = - 5.53, Prob.= .003), and work-related accidents. On the other hand, the findings indicate that GDP per capita (T-Ratio = 15.2, Prob.= .000), literacy rate (T-Ratio = 6.57, Prob.= .001), and labor force participation (T-Ratio = 3.23, Prob.= .023) have a positive and significant relationship with work-related accidents. Additionally, based on the research findings, female labor force participation rate does not have a significant relationship with work-related accidents (T-Ratio= -1.81, Prob.= .130).
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the conclusion of the present study is that work-related accidents at the macro level are affected by some socio-economic indicators. This means that understanding the mechanism of the relationships between variables can help reduce the work-related accidents and their harmful consequences in Iran.

Abstract Extended Abstract
Introduction: In the contemporary industrial world, people's working lives are mainly spent within organizations, interacting with colleagues. The quality of life of employees, as their mental perception and understanding of the physical and psychological desirability of the workplace, has a wide impact on productivity, which is the ultimate goal of any organization. As a result, attention to the quality of life of employees is of concern to organizational managers, and efforts are made to improve it to achieve organizational goals. The quality of life of employees is affected by a wide range of factors. Given the size of organizations in Iran and the importance of the quality of life of employees in enhancing productivity, the present study seeks to examine the effect of psychological capital and participation in decision-making on the quality of life of employees.
Method: This is a survey study. The population is the employees of the Social Security Organization (SSO) of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, totaling 600 people, of whom 220 were selected using simple random sampling method. To measure psychological capital, a combination of four questionnaires was used: hopefulness (Schneider et al., 2002), optimism (Shir and Carver, 2002), resilience (Block and Kremen, 1996), and self-efficacy (Parker, 1998). To measure quality of life, the Peterson and Hunt (2010) questionnaire was utilized, and participation in decision-making was measured through the Parnell and Bell (1994) questionnaire. All of these questionnaires possess validity and reliability.
Findings: According to the results of the present study, the quality of life of employees is on the range of scores 3-15 with an actual mean of 9 equal to 9.7. This indicates that the quality of life of employees of the Social Security Organization is at an average level. In addition, the analytical findings of the study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological capital and participation in decision-making with quality of life. these two variables can explain .24 of the variances in quality of life.
Conclusion: People with higher psychological capital typically possess skills such as stress resistance, flexibility, and better communication. Such individuals tend to make better decisions in the face of challenges and ultimately have higher satisfaction, which together helps improve their quality of life. Furthermore, by increasing the level of employee participation in organizational decision-making, their sense of control and effectiveness in organizational processes increases, which leads to higher satisfaction and consequently better quality of life.

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